![]() The mode of the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and physical involving electrostatic attraction. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 161.63, 148.54, 200.40, and 146.41 mg/g for CR, BG, MB, and MR, respectively. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models well-fitted the adsorption isotherm and kinetics data, respectively. The point of zero charge was found at pH 5 and the factors such as pH, time, and temperature were found to affect the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption was rapid and all the studied dyes were absorbed on the surface of the polymer nanocomposite in 90 min. The polymer nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The fabricated nanocomposite was applied first time to remove Congo red (CR), brilliant green (BG), methylene blue (MB), and methyl red (MR) from the synthetic wastewater. ![]() Polyamide-12/Portland cement nanocomposite was prepared by using the exfoliated adsorption method. ![]()
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